"Figure 4: Foreign investors have generated greater income in their UK investments than UK investors have generated in their investments abroad in every year since 2012","" "Breakdown of investment income as a percentage of GDP, 1997 to 2018, UK","" "","" "Notes","1. Series YBHA used for nominal gross domestic product." "Unit","% of gross domestic product" "","" "","Direct","Portfolio","Other","Reserve assets","Total investment income balance" "1997","1.6","-0.4","-1.3","0.1","0.1" "1998","2.3","-0.5","-1","0.1","1" "1999","1.6","-1.2","-1","0.1","-0.3" "2000","2.1","-0.5","-1.3","0.1","0.4" "2001","2.4","-0.7","-1.1","0.1","0.7" "2002","2.9","-0.7","-1.1","0.1","1.3" "2003","2.7","-0.7","-0.9","0.1","1.3" "2004","3","-1.1","-0.9","0.1","1" "2005","3.7","-1.4","-1","0","1.3" "2006","2.7","-1.8","-0.9","0","0.1" "2007","2.5","-2.1","-1","0","-0.5" "2008","1.6","-2.1","-0.5","0","-0.9" "2009","1.5","-1.7","-0.7","0.1","-0.7" "2010","3","-2.3","-0.7","0","0.1" "2011","3.2","-2.2","-0.7","0","0.4" "2012","2","-2.4","-0.7","0","-1" "2013","1.6","-3.1","-0.5","0","-2" "2014","1.1","-2.7","-0.4","0","-2" "2015","0.5","-2.4","-0.4","0","-2.3" "2016","0.1","-2.1","-0.4","0.1","-2.4" "2017","1.5","-2.3","-0.4","0.1","-1.2" "2018","0.9","-2","-0.3","0.1","-1.3"