"Figure 5: Age-standardised mortality rate by cause, persons aged 75 years and over, England and Wales, 2001 to 2015","" "","" "","" "Notes","1. Data is for persons aged 75 years and older 2. Cause of death was defined using the International Classification of Diseases version 10 (ICD-10). Codes used to define cause of death can be found in Box 1 on the definitions tab 3. Changes to the coding of underlying cause of death can have an impact on the number of deaths recorded with a specific underlying cause. Two major coding changes occurred in 2011 and 2014. Comparability ratios have been applied to the number of deaths to account for this impact to allow for a more consistent time trend. These ratios can be found in Table 9 of the accompanying reference tables. For more information, see background note 5 4. Death figures are based on deaths registered rather than deaths occurring in a calendar year 5. Deaths for 2015 are provisional and will be finalised with the release of the 'Death Registrations Summary Tables' in July 2016 6. Age-standardised mortality rates per 100,000 population, standardised to the 2013 European Standard Population. Age-standardised rates are used to allow comparison between populations which may contain different proportions of people of different ages 7. The lower and upper confidence limits have been provided. These form a confidence interval, which is a measure of the statistical precision of an estimate and shows the range of uncertainty around the estimated figure. Calculations based on small numbers of events are often subject to random fluctuations. As a general rule, if the confidence interval around one figure overlaps with the interval around another, we cannot say with certainty that there is more than a chance difference between the two figures 8. Populations used in the calculation of rates for 2015 are 2014-based population projections. These will be finalised with the release of the 2015 mid-year population estimates in June 2016 9. Figures include deaths of non-residents" "Unit","Age-standardised rate per 100,000 population" "","" "","Flu and Pneumonia","Other Respiratory","Dementia and Alzheimer's","Circulatory","Cancer","All other causes" "2001","897.4","550.7","663.4","3624.3","1710.3","1464.3" "2002","919.2","582.5","673.8","3593.0","1717.4","1477.9" "2003","956.7","637.5","705.7","3532.9","1714.2","1525.9" "2004","841.4","610.4","660.8","3254.4","1690.7","1460.1" "2005","843.7","646.7","663.2","3100.4","1681.2","1491.1" "2006","750.5","625.9","661.4","2906.0","1679.6","1482.9" "2007","726.4","629.1","740.3","2812.6","1681.2","1510.6" "2008","746.3","655.9","819.5","2777.8","1684.0","1509.1" "2009","665.4","614.8","794.1","2589.5","1659.2","1397.4" "2010","611.7","618.1","855.1","2504.5","1657.6","1387.6" "2011","547.4","608.8","862.1","2308.1","1648.3","1322.3" "2012","547.1","646.5","975.0","2304.4","1660.4","1343.2" "2013","550.6","683.0","1030.0","2240.5","1634.6","1346.3" "2014","463.8","624.9","1034.5","2118.1","1635.1","1309.4" "2015","536.0","694.2","1226.5","2128.7","1629.7","1386.4"