"Figure 2: Change in age-standardised avoidable mortality rates between 2014 and 2017, by sex, England","" "","" "","" "Notes","1. Figures refer to the change in age-standardised avoidable mortality rates between 2014 and 2017. The positive figures refer to a worsening in mortality while negative figures reflect an improvement in mortality. 2. Figures for England exclude deaths of non-residents. 3. Age-standardised mortality rates are expressed per 100,000 population and standardised to the 2013 European Standard Population. Age-standardised mortality rates are used to allow comparison between populations that may contain different proportions of people of different ages. 4. Deprivation deciles are based on the Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD), which is the official measure of relative deprivation with decile 1 representing the most deprived areas and decile 10 representing the least deprived areas, IMD 2015 was used for 2014 to 2017." "Unit","Change in age-standardised rates" "","" "Decile","Males","Females" "1","-7.3","3" "2","-10.6","-1.3" "3","-11.8","-1.4" "4","-2.4","-4.6" "5","-5.5","-0.6" "6","-6.3","-4" "7","1.1","-3.3" "8","-6.1","-7.7" "9","-8.1","-1.8" "10","-7.3","-4.1"